1. It is necessary to avoid adding or changing engine oil in the use of diesel engine. The primary function is to smooth, cool, clean, etc. Therefore, many small concrete mixer drivers will pay attention to check the oil quantity of smooth oil, and add it according to the specifications, but ignore the inspection of the quality of smooth oil and the timely replacement of the engine oil which has been transformed, which leads to the moving parts of some engines always work in the poor smooth environment, accelerating the wear of each part. In general, the loss of engine oil is not great under normal conditions, but it is very simple to pollute and lose the function of maintaining diesel engine.

在柴油機工作的過程中，許多污物(燃油不完全燃燒而生成的碳煙、積炭和積垢等)都會進入到機油中。對于新的或大修后的機械，試工作后雜質(zhì)就會更多，如果只加不換就投入使用，簡單引起燒 瓦、抱軸等意外事故。別的，即使替換了機油，某些駕駛員因為缺乏修理經(jīng)歷或圖省事，也會在替換時不完全清洗油道，使機械雜質(zhì)殘留在油底殼及油路中。

In the process of diesel engine operation, many pollutants (soot, carbon deposit and crud generated by incomplete combustion of fuel) will enter into the engine oil. For new or overhauled machines, there will be more impurities after trial work. If they are only added or not replaced, they will be put into use, which will simply cause accidents such as tile burning and axle holding. In addition, even if the engine oil is replaced, some drivers will not completely clean the oil passage during replacement due to lack of repair experience or trouble shooting, so that mechanical impurities remain in the oil pan and oil circuit.

2、混凝土商砼車忌缸套和活塞新品不經(jīng)選配即裝置   在換裝汽缸套和活塞時，以為新的汽缸套和活塞都是規(guī)范件，具有互換性，裝上去就能使用了。而實際上，汽缸套與活塞的尺度都是有一定的公差規(guī)模。如把尺度的汽缸套配上更小尺度的活 塞，會使配合空隙太大，造成緊縮無力，而發(fā)動困難。因而，小型混凝土攪拌車在換裝前一定要查看規(guī)范缸套與活塞的尺度分組代號，裝用的缸套與活塞必須使規(guī)范活塞的尺度分組代號與規(guī)范缸套的尺 寸分組代號相同，這樣才干確保兩者之間具有規(guī)范的配合空隙。別的，各缸裝用同一分組代號的缸套和活塞時，要注意裝前檢驗缸塞空隙，為了確保安裝規(guī)范，在裝機前應(yīng)再進行一次檢驗，以防裝上了 假冒偽劣的劣質(zhì)產(chǎn)品。

2. The new cylinder liners and pistons of concrete truck are not allowed to be assembled without selection. When the new cylinder liners and pistons are replaced, the new cylinder liners and pistons are standard parts with interchangeability, so they can be used after installation. In fact, the dimensions of cylinder sleeve and piston have certain tolerance scale. If the largest cylinder sleeve is equipped with the smallest piston, the fitting clearance will be too large, resulting in weak tightening and difficult starting. Therefore, the small concrete mixer must check the size grouping code of the standard cylinder liner and piston before loading. The installed cylinder liner and piston must make the size grouping code of the standard piston the same as the size grouping code of the standard cylinder liner, so as to ensure that there is a standard fit gap between them. In addition, when each cylinder is equipped with cylinder liner and piston with the same group code, pay attention to the inspection of cylinder plug clearance before installation. In order to ensure the installation specification, another inspection shall be carried out before installation to prevent the installation of fake and inferior products.

3、水泥運輸車忌不查看柱塞行程余量   在柱塞式噴油泵的調(diào)試過程中，有許多修理人員不注意查看柱塞的行程余量。所謂柱塞的行程余量，就是指柱塞被凸輪軸上的凸輪頂至上止點后，能繼續(xù)上行的移動量。調(diào)好小型混凝土攪拌車的供 油開端時刻后，之所以要查看行程余量，是因為柱塞的行程余量與柱塞和套筒的磨損有關(guān)。

3. In the process of debugging the plunger fuel injection pump, there are many repairmen who don't pay attention to the plunger stroke allowance. The so-called plunger stroke margin refers to the amount of movement that the plunger can continue to move upward after it is pushed to the TDC by the cam on the camshaft. After adjusting the start time of oil supply for small concrete mixer, the reason to check the stroke margin is that the stroke margin of plunger is related to the wear of plunger and sleeve.

柱塞與套筒磨損之后，柱塞要往上多運動一段后才干開端供油，使供油開端時刻推延。當擰出調(diào)整螺栓或換用 較厚的調(diào)整墊塊、墊片之后，柱塞的位置就會上移，使柱塞的行程余量減小。因而，在修理調(diào)試噴油泵時，首要就應(yīng)當查看此行程余量，用以斷定噴油泵是否還答應(yīng)調(diào)整。查看時，要根據(jù)噴油泵的 不同結(jié)構(gòu)而選用下而不同方法：a)滾動凸輪軸，把柱塞頂至上止點后，拆下出油閥及閥座，并用深度游標尺丈量。b)柱塞被頂至上止點后，用螺絲刀撬起柱塞繃簧的繃簧座，使柱塞上升至點。然后 再用厚薄規(guī)插入柱塞下平面與挺桿調(diào)整螺栓之間進行丈量。柱塞的規(guī)范行程余量大約為1.5mm，磨損后的到較限行程余量應(yīng)不小于0.5mm。

After the wear of the plunger and sleeve, the plunger should move upward for a long time to start oil supply, so as to delay the start of oil supply. When the adjusting bolt is screwed out or the thicker adjusting block and gasket are replaced, the lowest position of the plunger will move up, so that the stroke margin of the plunger will be reduced. Therefore, when repairing and debugging the fuel injection pump, we should first check the stroke margin to determine whether the fuel injection pump still allows adjustment. When checking, the following methods shall be selected according to the different structures of the fuel injection pump: a) roll the camshaft, push the plunger to the top stop, remove the oil outlet valve and valve seat, and measure with a depth vernier. b) After the plunger is pushed to the top dead center, use a screwdriver to pry up the tension spring seat of the plunger tension spring to make the plunger rise to the highest point. Then insert a feeler gauge between the lower plane of the plunger and the adjusting bolt of the tappet for measurement. The standard stroke allowance of the plunger is about 1.5mm, and the stroke allowance to the limit after wear shall not be less than 0.5mm.

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